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Kota dari Pahatan Dinding Batu – e-preneur.co
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Kota dari Pahatan Dinding Batu

Petra

 

Memiliki sejarah yang amat panjang. Itulah Petra, si kota yang didirikan dengan memahat dinding-dinding batu di Yordania. Mencampurbaurkan tiga kebudayaan (Arab, Yunani, dan Eropa) dalam pembangunannya, Petra sempat lenyap selama berabad-abad lantaran perubahan jalur perdagangan dan gempa dahsyat, lalu hadir lagi sebagai tempat wisata favorit yang wajib dikunjungi sebelum meninggal dunia

 

[su_pullquote]Apakah Petra tempat bermukimnya Kaum Thamud yang dihancurkan oleh Allah SWT, karena telah ingkar? Wallahu a’lam[/su_pullquote]

e-preneur.co. Rusdian Lubis, kontributor eksklusif e-preneur.co, melakukan perjalanan selama 12 hari (14−26 April 2018) ke tanah para nabi yakni ke Mesir (Nabi Musa as, Nabi Harun as, dan Nabi Syuaib as), Israel (Nabi Isa Al-Masih), dan Yordania (Nabi Soleh as). Menjelang dan selama bulan puasa, e-preneur.co akan memuat beberapa kisah perjalanannya. Kali ini, tentang kisah perjalanan pria yang akrab disapa Yan ini di Petra.

Pagi itu, Yan mengunjungi Petra yang terletak di Yordania. Ia merasa beruntung, karena keberangkatannya pada jam 07.00 itu, udara masih dingin (15ºC−20ºC). Sementara, semakin siang suhu bisa mencapai 30ºC. “Angin dingin meniup di lorong batu yang mirip ‘wind tunnel’, katanya, memulai kisah perjalanannya.

Petra, ia melanjutkan, adalah salah satu World Heritage dan New Seven Wonders of The World. Petra mempunyai sejarah yang amat panjang. Dibangun pada sekitar abad VI Sebelum Masehi (sumber lain: pembangunan dimulai pada sembilan tahun Sebelum Masehi, red.) oleh Bangsa Nabatea, keturunan Esau atau Edom, saudara kembar Nabi Yaqub as. Kemudian, pembangunannya dilanjutkan oleh Bangsa Yunani dan Romawi.

Dulu, Petra merupakan kompleks kerajaan yang sangat luas, sekitar 55 ha, dengan arsitektur berupa bangunan, kuil, dan lain-lain yang mencampurbaurkan tiga kebudayaan (Arab, Yunani, dan Romawi). Bangunan utamanya yang masih bertahan disebut Al-Khazneh (The Treasury), menunjukkan arsitektur Greco−Roman dengan kolom-kolom batu. Sementara arsitektur Arab Islam tidak terlalu berpengaruh pada Petra. Malah, kuburan rakyat jelata yang dipahat pada dinding batu mengingatkan pada kuburan di Toraja, Sulawesi Selatan.

Kejayaan Petra berasal dari hasil perdagangan dan pertanian yang diairi Sumur Musa di mana di atas gunungnya terdapat makam Nabi Harun as. Namun, kejayaan itu runtuh ketika terjadi perubahan jalur perdagangan. Hal ini, diperparah dengan gempa bumi pada 363 Masehi, yang menghancurkan sistem irigasi. Imbasnya, Petra pun hancur!

Selanjutnya, Petra pun menghilang selama beberapa abad dari sejarah. Sampai, Johann Ludwig Burckhardt yang pada tahun 1812 menyamar menjadi Orang Arab, berdalih akan menyembelih kurban di makam Nabi Harun as di Puncak Gunung Hor. Lalu, ia menuliskan dalam jurnal perjalanannya. Dan…Petra pun hidup kembali.

Sekarang, ekonomi Petra ditunjang oleh pariwisata. Terutama, oleh para wisatawan perempuan Indonesia yang gemar membeli kalung Batu Akik.

“Banyak yang bertanya-tanya, termasuk saya, apakah Petra ini tempat bermukimnya Kaum Thamud (Tsamud), keturunan Kaum Ad, yang dihancurkan oleh Allah SWT seperti dalam Surah Al−A’raf (7:74-77)?” ujarnya.

Sekadar informasi, Kaum Thamud mempunyai kelebihan dan kemakmuran, tapi ingkar pada Allah SWT. Kaum ini, disebutkan dalam 26 ayat dalam Alquran untuk mengingatkan umat manusia yang ingkar—karena merasa kaya, sejahtera, dan berkuasa— maka Allah SWT secara langsung akan menghukum mereka.

Sebab, ia melanjutkan, pertama, ada beberapa ayat yang menyebutkan bahwa Petra tempat bermukimnya kaum yang pandai membuat atau mengukir batu menjadi rumah itu. Kedua, Mada’in Saleh (Mada’in Salih) atau Al-Hijr yang juga menjadi World Heritage Sites pada tahun 2008 berada tidak jauh dari Madinah, kota yang juga dibangun oleh Kaum Thamud atau Nabatean.

Sekadar informasi, Nabi Saleh as yang untanya dibunuh oleh kaumnya dan mendatangkan murka dari Allah SWT adalah penghuni Mada’in Saleh (= Kota Nabi Saleh as, pen.). Jadi, logikanya, Mada’in Saleh lebih mendekati untuk disebut sebagai tempat bermukimnya Kaum Thamud.

Debat tentang Petra dan Mada’in Saleh masih berkepanjangan, tidak hanya secara sejarah dan geografi, melainkan juga semantik. Misalnya, bagi yang pro Petra mengatakan bahwa Thamud bukan menunjuk pada suatu kaum, tapi wilayah yang dihuni Kaum Thamud (Nabatean).

“Namun, guide Yordania dan seorang ustad dalam tour kami yang notabene telah menimba ilmu selama delapan tahun di Al-Azhar lebih yakin jika Mada’in Saleh lebih cocok dengan ayat-ayat dalam Alquran. Alasannya, antara lain unta Nabi Saleh as tidak disembelih di Petra!” katanya, menutup kisah perjalanannya di satu dari 28 tempat yang harus dikunjungi sebelum meninggal menurut Majalah Smithsonian itu.

 

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